Paul T. Jacobson, Ph.D.
Title
Managing Partner
Expertise
Limnology, ecology of fishes, population and ecosystem ecology, food web dynamics, ecological modeling, Monte Carlo simulation, hydroacoustics, power plant impact assessment, water quality standards, ecological and human health risk assessment.
Education
Ph.D., Oceanography and Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1990.
Minor: Analytical and experimental methods.M.S., Oceanography and Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1987.
Graduate student, Forestry and Environmental Studies, Duke University, 1982-83.
B.A., Biology, Cornell University, 1981. Concentration: Animal physiology.
Experience
Partner
Langhei Ecology, LLC, Glenelg, Maryland. July 1996-Present
Co-founder of Langhei Ecology, a consulting firm specializing in the application of ecology and quantitative methods to environmental management and regulatory compliance.
Lecturer
School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University. January 1998-Present
Developed and teach a graduate-level course on quantitative ecological assessment for the Environmental Sciences and Policy program.
Consultant
South Florida Water Management District. February 1997-Present
Selected to serve a three-year term in the Expert Assistance Pool to provide consultation, peer review, and assistance to District staff. The District uses the services of consultants to assist in the research and publication process, advising and collaborating in planning, conducting and publishing research, and in evaluating various District projects in environmental management.
Board of Directors
Maryland Water Monitoring Council. July 1996-Present
Appointed to a second three-year term on the Board of Directors of the Maryland Water Monitoring Council by the Secretary of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. The Council was chartered by the Maryland DNR to facilitate coordinated water monitoring activities across all levels of government and to encourage the transfer of information among governmental and non-governmental organizations.
Panel Member
Science Advisory Committee, Howard County Public School System. November 1995-Present
Citizen member of the Science Advisory Committee, providing guidance to the Howard County Public School System (HCPSS) on issues relating to the science curriculum for Kindergarten through 12th grade. Serving as a liaison between HCPSS, Howard County Department of Recreation and Parks, and the Middle Patuxent Valley Association to facilitate use of the 400 hectare (1,000 acre) Middle Patuxent Environmental Area as a resource for environmental education.
Associate
The Cadmus Group, Inc., Germantown, Maryland. September 1994-July 1996
Developed watershed-scale ecological risk assessment methodologies and case studies for USEPA's Office of Water, Health and Ecological Criteria Division/Risk Assessment Forum. Served as Deputy Program Manager for the firm's prime, task order contract with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Standards and Applied Science Division. Responsibilities included program administration, business development, and selection and management of subcontractors. Served as project manager for various projects, including the Water Quality Standards Academy, development of training materials on water quality management for the Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service), and a project to make a preliminary determination of the potential human health and environmental risks associated with mercury contamination in fish. Managed subcontracts including a project to enhance AQUATOX, an aquatic ecosystem fate and effects model, and a water quality benefits analysis for the proposed effluent guidelines for the coastal subcategory of the oil and gas extraction industry. Served as a contributing author for a cooperative agreement between USEPA and the Water Environment Research Foundation to evaluate the value of an ecological risk assessment approach to watershed-level ecosystem protection. Under a contract with USEPA's Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, managed on-site, nation-wide review of facilities, personnel, and procedures for laboratories seeking to perform analyses of viruses in drinking water under the Information Collection Rule; also provided technical oversight for regulatory and economic impact analyses for the proposed arsenic standard.
Panel Member
U.S. EPA Office of Water/ Risk Assessment Forum, Colloquium on Watershed Ecological Risk Assessment Issues. September 1994
Peer reviewer and panelist for USEPA's Colloquium on Watershed Ecological Risk Assessment Issues. Provided technical advice on the design and implementation of watershed-scale ecological risk assessments for the middle Platte River basin, Nebraska, Big Darby Creek watershed, Ohio, and Waquoit Bay watershed, Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Scientist / Sr. Scientist
Versar, Inc., Ecological Sciences & Analysis, Columbia, Maryland. 1990-1994
Principal quantitative ecologist and ecological modeler. Developed and applied a wide range of mathematical models and quantitative analyses for municipal, state, and federal government and commercial clients, including assessment of effects of hydro- and steam-electric power plants on various fish species of the Susquehanna, Roanoke, Youghiogheny, Connecticut, Delaware, Nanticoke, Arkansas, Penobscot, and Columbia Rivers. Provided technical support and advice to these clients on a variety of environmental matters.
Managed a large-scale, multi-year, state program evaluating the effects of acidic deposition on Maryland's aquatic resources. The program included design and implementation of a probabilistic, state-wide survey of Maryland's biological stream resources. Sampling activities included water chemistry, instream physical habitat, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish.
Served as a fisheries specialist supporting the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in review of license applications for new and existing hydroelectric facilities throughout the United States. Responsibilities included identifying and conducting analyses to quantify effects of dam construction and operation on fish populations. Activities included whole-basin and other cumulative impact analyses, and preparation of Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Statements.
Served as in-house statistical consultant to other divisions within the firm. Performed ecological risk assessments and conducted quantitative analyses supporting human health risk assessments on matters ranging from the introduction of Pacific salmon to the Delaware River basin, to hepatocarcinogenesis experiments, and human exposure to toxic chemicals. Provided technical support for EPA's Exposure Assessment Guidelines. For the Chesapeake Bay Program and USEPA's Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research designed and conducted an ecological risk assessment evaluating the introduction of triploid grass carp to the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
Panel Member
Grass Carp Ad Hoc Panel, Chesapeake Bay Program. April-May 1994
Appointed to the ad hoc panel to review a proposed, first-time introduction of 6300 triploid grass carp into Lake Anna, Virginia, to control a nuisance infestation of the exotic aquatic plant, Hydrilla. The panel was convened pursuant to the Chesapeake Bay Policy for the Introduction of Non-indigenous Aquatic Species to provide non-binding recommendations to the Commonwealth of Virginia relating to the proposed introduction.
Research Assistant
Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison. 1984-1990
Developed numerous ecological models pertaining to schooling and foraging behavior, food web dynamics, and bioenergetics. Participated in an experimental food web manipulation study in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. Designed, implemented and conducted quantitative analyses of hydroacoustics-based fish population assessment surveys. Created computer software for estimating fish size and abundance from sonar data.
Research Assistant
School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Duke University. 1982-1983
Developed materials for a graduate-level course, Mathematical Models for Resource Management.
Research Assistant
Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, New York. 1981-1982
Conducted field collections and laboratory analyses for a long-term limnological monitoring and research program on Oneida Lake, New York.
Independent Study
College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, New York. 1980-1981
Developed a comprehensive energy budget for a generic nuclear generating station and fuel cycle.
Professional Affiliations
American Fisheries Society
American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
Ecological Society of America
Sigma Xi, Scientific Research Society
Publications
Ph.D. Dissertation
Jacobson, Paul T. 1990. Pattern and process in the distribution of cisco, Coregonus artedii, in Trout Lake, Wisconsin. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Madison. 137 pp.
Masters Thesis
Jacobson, Paul T. 1987. Size, distribution, and abundance of pelagic fish by deconvolution of single-beam acoustic data: methods, precision, and results. MS thesis. University of Wisconsin-Madison. 103 pp.
Book and Journal Articles
Jacobson, P. T. 2000. Risk assessment of a proposed introduction of Pacific salmon in the Delaware River basin. Pages 59-76 in S. Ferson and M. Burgman, eds. Quantitative Methods for Conservation Biology. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Jacobson, Paul T. 2000. Evaluation of multi-metric bioassessment as an approach for assessing impacts of entrainment and impingement under Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act. Environmental Science and Policy 3 (in press).
Luecke, Chris, Michael J. Vanni, John J. Magnuson, James F. Kitchell, and Paul T. Jacobson. 1990. Seasonal regulation of Daphnia populations by planktivorous fish: Implications for the spring clear-water phase. Limnology and Oceanography. 35(8):1718-1733.
Jacobson, Paul T., C.S. Clay, and John J. Magnuson. 1990. Size, distribution, and abundance of pelagic fish by deconvolution of single-beam acoustic data. - Rapp. P. -v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 189:304-311.
Jacobson, Paul T. 1986. Nuclear energy. Pages 259-283 in C. A. S. Hall, C. J. Cleveland, and R. Kaufman, eds. Energy and Resource Quality: The Ecology of the Economic Process. John Wiley & Sons, New York. (also 2nd edition, 1992, University Press of Colorado)
In Preparation
Jacobson, Paul T. and John J. Magnuson. Spatially-explicit modeling of animal behavior: School development in pelagic fish. (For submission to Animal Behavior.)
Jacobson, Paul T. and William A. Richkus. Decline of striped bass in the Roanoke River/Albemarle Sound estuary: An evaluation of alternative hypotheses. (For submission to Transactions of the American Fisheries Society.)
Jacobson, Paul T. Prediction of foraging time budgets: Data, theory, and bandwidth. (For submission to American Naturalist.)
Jacobson, Paul T. and C.S. Clay. Spatial dynamics in a cisco population: Observations and model test. (For submission to Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.)
Jacobson, Paul T., Stephen D. Kartalia, Raymond P. Morgan, and William Burton. Potential effects of grass carp on submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries: an ecological risk assessment. (For submission to Ecological Applications.)
Selected Technical Reports
Jacobson, P.T., J.L. King, and G.E. Jacobson. 2000 (in review). Assessment of Spawning and Nursery Habitat: Review and Evaluation of Methods Potentially Applicable to Regulation of Cooling Water Intake Structures. Prepared for the Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California.
Jacobson, P.T., G.E. Jacobson, J.L. King, and B. Margolis. 2000. Evaluation of Biocriteria as a Concept, Approach, and Tool for Assessing Impacts of Entrainment and Impingement under § 316(b) of the Clean Water Act. Prepared for the Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California. TR-114007.
Jacobson, P.T. 1998. Potential Entrainment of Anadromous Alosids at the Motts Run and Hunting Run Water Intakes: Comparison of 1mm and 2mm slot width wedge-wire screens for excluding eggs and larvae. Prepared for: Gannett Fleming, Inc., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
Jacobson, P.T. 1997. Sediment Toxicity Evaluation: Population-level Effects on a Ranid Frog. Prepared for: ABB-Environmental Services, Inc, Wakefield, Massachusetts.
Jacobson, P.T., B.R. Parkhurst, and S.W. Covington. 1996. Working Draft Analysis Plan for the Middle Platte River Floodplain Ecological Risk Assessment. Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water/ Risk Assessment Forum.
Jacobson, P.T. 1995. Middle Platte River Watershed Ecological Risk Assessment Case Study: Problem Formulation. Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water/ Risk Assessment Forum.
McAdams, H. and P.T. Jacobson. 1995. Nitrogen Loading to Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts: Existing Models and Recommended Modeling Approach. Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water/Risk Assessment Forum.
Marcus, M.D., H. McAdams, and P.T. Jacobson. 1995. Analyzing Mixing Zones for Treated Wastewater Discharges and their Areas of Biological Response. Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Standards and Applied Science Division.
Volstad, J.H., M.T. Southerland, J.A. Chaillou, H.T. Wilson, D.H. Heimbuch, P.T. Jacobson, and S.B. Weisberg. 1995. Maryland Biological Stream Survey: The 1993 Pilot Study. Prepared for: Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Tidewater Administration, Chesapeake Bay Research and Monitoring Division. CBRM-AD-95-3, NTIS No. PB96-118997.
Jacobson, P.T., R.P. Morgan, S. Kartalia, and W. Burton. 1994. Preliminary Assessment of the Potential Effects of Stocking Triploid-Certified Grass Carp in the Potomac River Watershed. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chesapeake Bay Program.
FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission). 1994. Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Lower Penobscot River Basin, Maine: Basin Mills Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 10981), Stillwater Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 2712), Milford Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 2534). Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Hydropower Licensing. FERC/DEIS-0082, November 1994.
Kazyak, P.F. and P.T. Jacobson. 1993. Maryland Biological Stream Survey: Pilot Study Work Plan. Prepared for: Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Tidewater Administration, Chesapeake Bay Research and Monitoring Division.
Jacobson, P.T. 1992. Appendix D: Risk Assessment. in Introduction of Pacific salmonids into the Delaware River watershed. Official draft environmental impact statement prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and New Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife. Contributors: P.F. Kazyak, M.A. Friday, P.T. Jacobson, R. Newport, W.A. Richkus.
Jacobson, P.T. and J. Kou. 1992. An assessment of MMH, MHH, and HHH as estimators of high-end dose for uniform, triangular, and normal input distributions. Prepared for: Exposure Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Jacobson, P.T. and J. Kou. 1992. A Monte Carlo assessment of MMH, MHH, HHH, and a parametric method as estimators of high-end dose for lognormal input distributions. Prepared for: Exposure Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Jacobson, P.T., P.F. Kazyak, A.J. Janicki, D. Wade, H. Wilson, and R.P. Morgan, II. 1992. Feasibility of using an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) approach for synthesizing data from a Maryland Biological Stream Survey. Prepared for: Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Tidewater Administration, Chesapeake Bay Research and Monitoring Division. CBRM-AD-93-11, NTIS No. PB94-155173.
Janicki, A.J., D. Wade, D. Heimbuch, H. Wilson, P.T. Jacobson, and P.F. Kazyak. 1992. Maryland Biological Stream Survey Design Report. Prepared for: Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Tidewater Administration, Chesapeake Bay Research and Monitoring Division. CBRM-AD-93-1, NTIS No. PB95-09385.
Burton, W.H., S.B. Weisberg, and P.T. Jacobson. 1992. Effects of hydraulic dredging in the Delaware River estuary on striped bass ichthyoplankton. Prepared for: Delaware River Basin Fish and Wildlife Management Cooperative.
Stroup, C.F., R.J. Hochberg, S.P. Schreiner, and P.T. Jacobson. 1992. Technical review and permitting of the thermal discharge and water intake structures for the DP&L Edge Moor power plant. Prepared for: Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control.
Stroup, C.F., R.J. Hochberg, S.P. Schreiner, and P.T. Jacobson. 1992. Technical review and permitting of the thermal discharge and water intake structures for the Star Enterprise, Delaware City refinery. Prepared for: Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control.
Tornatore, T., P. Jacobson, J. Gerritsen, and A.J. Janicki. 1992. Data sets for developing measures of biological integrity in Maryland streams. Prepared for: Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Tidewater Administration, Chesapeake Bay Research and Monitoring Division. CBRM-AD-93-7, NTIS No. PB94-155157.
Burton, W.H., M.A. Friday, P.F. Kazyak, and P.T. Jacobson. 1991. Assessment of the potential effects of construction of a natural gas pipeline on American shad and smallmouth bass juveniles in the Delaware River. Prepared for: Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corporation.
Jacobson, P.T., and W.A. Richkus. 1991. Decline of striped bass in the Roanoke River-Albemarle Sound estuary: An evaluation of alternative hypotheses. Prepared for: Department of Public Utilities, Water Resources Division, City of Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Richkus, W.A., P.T. Jacobson, A. Ranasinghe, A. Shaughnessy, J. Chaillou, P. Kazyak, C. DeLisle, R. Batiuk, and D. Packer. 1991. Characterization of the current status of key resource species in the basins of Chesapeake Bay. Prepared for: Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Selected Invited Presentations
Variability in ecological systems and uncertainty in ecological assessments: implications for environmental policy and regulation. Uncertainty: Its Nature, Analytical Treatment and Interpretation. A forum sponsored by the Society for Risk Analysis, Arlington, Virginia, February 10-11, 2000.
Ecological Applications of Geologic Maps. Forum on Geologic Mapping Applications in the Washington-Baltimore Urban Area. Sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Maryland Geological Survey. Reston, Virginia, April 23, 1997.
Risk Assessment of the Effects of Triploid Grass Carp Stocking on Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Chesapeake Bay. Pros and Cons of Stocking Triploid Grass Carp in the Chesapeake Bay Basin: A Critical Issues Forum organized by the Exotic Species Workgroup of the Living Resources Subcommittee, Chesapeake Bay Program. Annapolis, Maryland, January 18, 1994.
An ecological risk assessment of straying by introduced Pacific salmon. Symposium on Ecological Risk Analysis at the Population Level. Sponsored by the International Society for Ecological Modelling. Honolulu, Hawaii, August 11, 1992.
Prediction of foraging time budgets: data, theory and bandwidth. Symposium on Innovative Approaches Using Bioenergetics Models: Future Applications to Fish Ecology and Management. Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society, September 13-17, 1992. Rapid City, South Dakota.
Diel foraging behavior in cisco, Coregonus artedi. Workshop on Bioenergetics and Individual-based Modeling. Madison, Wisconsin. July, 1988.
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